Melemo ea betri ea polokelo ea matla ke efe?

Mokhoa oa tekheniki oa indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea China - polokelo ea matla a electrochemical: Hajoale, lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa cathode tsa libeteri tsa lithium haholo-holo li kenyelletsa lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) le lisebelisoa tsa ternary.Lithium cobaltate ke thepa ea pele ea cathode e rekisoang e nang le matla a phahameng a matla, matla a phahameng a pompong, mohaho o tsitsitseng le polokeho e ntle, empa theko e phahameng le matla a tlaase.Lithium manganate e na le litšenyehelo tse tlase le matla a phahameng a motlakase, empa ts'ebetso ea potoloho ea eona e fokola 'me matla a eona a tlase.Bokhoni le litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa ternary li fapana ho ea ka litaba tsa nickel, cobalt le manganese (ho phaella ho NCA).Kakaretso ea matla a matla a phahame ho feta a lithium iron phosphate le lithium cobaltate.Lithium iron phosphate e na le litšenyehelo tse tlase, ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho palama libaesekele le polokeho e ntle, empa sethala sa eona sa motlakase se tlase mme boima ba eona ba ho kopana bo tlase, bo bakang matla a tlase ka kakaretso.Hona joale, lefapha la matla le laoloa ke ternary le lithium iron, athe lefapha la tšebeliso ea lithium cobalt le feta.Lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode li ka aroloa ka lisebelisoa tsa carbon le lisebelisoa tse seng tsa carbon: lisebelisoa tsa carbon li kenyelletsa graphite ea maiketsetso, graphite ea tlhaho, mesophase carbon microspheres, carbon e bonolo, carbon e thata, joalo-joalo;Lisebelisoa tse se nang carbon li kenyelletsa lithium titanate, lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka silicon, lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka tin, joalo-joalo, graphite ea tlhaho le graphite ea maiketsetso ke tsona tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa hona joale.Le hoja graphite ea tlhaho e na le melemo ka litšenyehelo le bokhoni bo itseng, bophelo ba eona ba potoloho bo tlaase 'me ho tsitsa ha eona hoa fokola;Leha ho le joalo, thepa ea graphite ea maiketsetso e batla e leka-lekane, e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho potoloha le ho lumellana hantle le electrolyte.Graphite ea maiketsetso e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa libeteri tsa matla a likoloi tse nang le matla a maholo le libeteri tsa lithium tse sebelisoang haholo, ha graphite ea tlhaho e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa libeteri tse nyenyane tsa lithium le libeteri tsa lithium tse sebelisoang ka kakaretso.Thepa e thehiloeng ka silicon ka thepa e seng carbon e ntse e tsoela pele ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele.Li-separators tsa betri tsa lithium li ka aroloa ka li-separators tse omeletseng le li-separators tse metsi ho ea ka mokhoa oa tlhahiso, 'me ho roala lesela le metsi ka har'a karohano ea metsi e tla ba mokhoa o moholo.Ts'ebetso ea metsi le ts'ebetso e omileng li na le melemo le melemo ea tsona.Ts'ebetso ea metsi e na le boholo ba pore e nyane le e ts'oanang le filimi e mosesaane, empa letsete le leholo, ts'ebetso e rarahane, 'me tšilafalo ea tikoloho e kholo.Ts'ebetso e omeletseng e batla e le bonolo, boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng le tikoloho, empa boholo ba pore le porosity li thata ho laola 'me sehlahisoa se thata ho fokotsa.

Tsela ea botekgeniki ea indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea China - polokelo ea matla a electrochemical: lead acid lead lead acid (VRLA) ke betri eo elektrode ea eona e entsoeng haholo ka lead le oxide ea eona, 'me electrolyte ke tharollo ea sulfuric acid.Boemong ba tefiso ea betri ea lead-acid, karolo e ka sehloohong ea electrode e ntle ke lead dioxide, 'me karolo e ka sehloohong ea electrode e mpe ke lead;Boemong ba ho tsoa, ​​likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe ke lead sulfate.Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa betri ea lead-acid ke hore betri ea lead-acid ke mofuta oa betri e nang le carbon dioxide le tšepe ea spongy e le lintho tse sebetsang hantle le tse mpe ka ho latellana, le tharollo ea sulfuric acid e le electrolyte.Melemo ea betri ea lead-acid ke ketane ea indasteri e seng e hōlile, tšebeliso e bolokehileng, tlhokomelo e bonolo, litšenyehelo tse tlase, bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso, boleng bo tsitsitseng, joalo-joalo. Mathata ke lebelo la ho tjhaja butle, matla a fokolang a matla, bophelo ba potoloho e khutšoane, ho bonolo ho baka tšilafalo. , joalo joalo. 'me e le lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa matla a lisebelisoa tsa puisano, li-locomotives tsa motlakase (likoloi tsa ho reka, likoloi tse tsamaisang likoloi, likoloi tsa motlakase), lisebelisoa tsa mochine (li-drillless drill, li-drill tsa motlakase, li-sledges tsa motlakase), lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, lik'hamera, joalo-joalo.

Mokhoa oa tekheniki oa indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea China - polokelo ea matla a electrochemical: betri ea metsi a phallang le betri ea sodium sulfur liquid flow battery ke mofuta oa betri o ka bolokang motlakase le ho ntša motlakase ka karabelo ea electrochemical ea soluble pair ea motlakase ho elektrode e sa sebetseng.Sebopeho sa monomer e tloaelehileng ea phallo ea metsi e kenyelletsa: li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe;Kamore ea li-electrode e pota-potiloeng ke diaphragm le electrode;Tanka ea electrolyte, pompo le tsamaiso ea lipeipi.Liquid-flow battery ke sesebelisoa sa ho boloka matla a electrochemical se khonang ho lemoha phetoho e kopanetsoeng ea matla a motlakase le matla a lik'hemik'hale ka karabelo ea phokotso ea oxidation ea lintho tse sebetsang tsa mokelikeli, ka hona ho hlokomela polokelo le ho lokolloa ha matla a motlakase.Ho na le mefuta e mengata e arohaneng le litsamaiso tse ikhethileng tsa betri ea phallo ea metsi.Hajoale, ho na le mefuta e mene feela ea litsamaiso tsa betri ea phallo ea metsi tse ithutoang ka botebo lefatšeng, ho kenyeletsoa betri ea phallo ea metsi ea vanadium, betri ea phallo ea metsi ea zinc-bromine, betri ea phallo ea metsi ea tšepe-chromium le sodium polysulfide/bromine fluid. ho phalla ha betri.Battery ea sodium-sulfur e entsoe ka electrode e ntle, electrode e fosahetseng, electrolyte, diaphragm le shell, e fapaneng le betri ea bobeli ea kakaretso (betri ea lead-acid, nickel-cadmium battery, joalo-joalo).Betri ea sodium-sulfur e entsoe ka electrode e qhibilihisitsoeng le electrolyte e tiileng.Ntho e sebetsang ea electrode e mpe ke sodium e entsoeng ka tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng, 'me ntho e sebetsang ea electrode e ntle ke sebabole sa metsi le letsoai le qhibilihisitsoeng la sodium polysulfide.Anode ea betri ea sodium-sulfur e entsoe ka sebabole sa metsi, cathode e entsoe ka sodium ea metsi, 'me tube ea beta-aluminium ea thepa ea ceramic e arotsoe bohareng.Mocheso o sebetsang oa betri o tla bolokoa o le ka holimo ho 300 ° C ho boloka eleketrode e le boemong ba ho qhibiliha.Tsela ea tekheniki ea indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea China - fuel cell: hydrogen energy storage cell hydrogen fuel cell ke sesebelisoa se fetolang matla a lik'hemik'hale a hydrogen ka kotloloho ho matla a motlakase.Molao-motheo oa motheo ke hore haedrojene e kena ka anode ea peterole cell, e bola ka protons khase le dieleketerone tlas'a ketso ea catalyst, 'me protons hydrogen thehoa feta ka lera proton phapanyetsano ho fihla cathode ea mafura cell le ho kopana le oksijene ho. hlahisa metsi, Li-electrone li fihla cathode ea sele ea mafura ka potoloho e ka ntle ho theha motlakase.Ha e le hantle, ke sesebelisoa sa motlakase sa electrochemical reaction.Boholo ba mmaraka oa indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea lefats'e - matla a macha a kentsoeng a indasteri ea polokelo ea matla a imenne habeli - boholo ba mmaraka oa indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea lefats'e - libeteri tsa lithium-ion e ntse e le mofuta o ka sehloohong oa polokelo ea matla - libeteri tsa lithium-ion li na le melemo ea matla a matla a matla, ts'ebetso e phahameng ea phetoho, karabelo e potlakileng, joalo-joalo, 'me hona joale ke karolo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea matla a kentsoeng ntle le polokelo ea pumped.Ho latela pampiri e tšoeu e mabapi le nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea betri ea lithium-ion ea China (2022) e lokollotsoeng ka kopanelo ke EVTank le Ivy Institute of Economics.Ho ea ka datha ea pampiri e tšoeu, ka 2021, kakaretso ea libeteri tsa lithium ion lefatšeng ka bophara e tla ba 562.4GWh, keketseho e kholo ea 91% selemo le selemo, mme karolo ea eona lits'ebetsong tse ncha tsa polokelo ea matla le eona e tla feta 90%. .Le hoja mefuta e meng ea polokelo ea matla e kang vanadium-flow battery, betri ea sodium-ion le moea o hatelitsoeng le tsona li qalile ho fumana tlhokomelo e eketsehileng lilemong tsa morao tjena, betri ea lithium-ion e ntse e na le melemo e mengata mabapi le ts'ebetso, litšenyehelo le indasteri.Ka nako e khutšoanyane le e bohareng, betri ea lithium-ion e tla ba mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho boloka matla lefatšeng, 'me karolo ea eona mecheng e mecha ea ho boloka matla e tla lula e le boemong bo phahameng.

Longrun-energy e shebana le sebaka sa polokelo ea matla mme e kopanya setsi sa lits'ebeletso tsa phepelo ea matla ho fana ka tharollo ea polokelo ea matla bakeng sa maemo a malapa le a indasteri le a khoebo, ho kenyelletsa moralo, koetliso ea kopano, tharollo ea mebaraka, taolo ea litšenyehelo, taolo, ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo, jj. . Ka lilemo tse ngata tsa tšebelisano 'moho le bahlahisi ba tsebahalang ba betri le bahlahisi ba li-inverter, re akaretsa theknoloji le boiphihlelo ba nts'etsopele ho aha setsi se kopaneng sa litšebeletso tsa phepelo.